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GR 1126 AKHÈN
H 1043 ה ג י
Concept of root : affliction
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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; ה ג י
; ה ג י
ן ו ג י
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yiggè;
yagà;
yagon
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to
afflict, to make suffer;
*to be
afflicted;
affliction
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Related English words
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none
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ה; ג י
-
-
ה; ג י
-
ן ו ג י
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yiggè;
-
-
yagà
-
yagon
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to afflict, to make suffer;
*to be afflicted ;
affliction
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y . g .
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Greek
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αχην
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akhèn
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affliction by fear or need
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(‘) kh .
(n)
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Latin
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egēre
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egēre
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to suffer , need
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(‘) . g
.
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Proto-Semitic *YAGÀ < *WAGÀ --- AKH-È-N Greek < *ĂKH- Indo-European
With approximately identical meanings we find not un-similar roots. The grade of overall similarity is limited, but not too much so to be eliminated from our list. In none of the three languages earlier roots are established, though they will have existed. Their composition would have to be hypothesized .
There is a gradual shift from mainly affliction to mainly need, from Hebrew via Greek into Latin.
Note:
- Hebrew. In this case we have no specific indication that the initial Y has been a Waw . The verb is in the intensive form "yiggè", and the basic form " yagà " is found in modern language with the same meaning. But as the causative form "
ה
ו
ג
ה , hugà," meant and still means " to afflict ", the original meaning of "yagà" should have been " to be afflicted, suffering, sad" . It more often happens that the so-called intensive form, that uses the vowels I and E instead of the standard A and A, shifts in meaning to the causative action. Discipline and the respect of fixed rules is not a main characteristic of speaking languages.
Note:
- Greek and Hebrew. Both nouns are formed with a final N, preceded by a vowel O in Hebrew and an ‘E in Greek, according to available habits.
Note:
- Greek. The noun "akhèn " does not or no more have a directly related verb "*‛αχω, akho". An extended root has been created by the adding of a "θ , TH " , with the noun "‛αχθος , akhthos" and relative verb. But there is no doubt about the previous existence of "* akho".
Note:
- Proto-Semitic . This root, with the earlier first consonant W and with "J" instead of "G", both very common developments, is seen in Arabic "wajija" , saying " he suffered", used regarding animals. Proto-Semitic probably had "* ו ג ה , W G Hé (accentuated vowel)", but it is uncertain if it had already developed also "* י ג ה , Y G Hé (accentuated vowel)".
Note:
- Indo-European. On the basis of Greek and Latin a brief root "vowel + KH/GH" is possible. The vowel may have been " A ", which we place in our comparison without much certainty: " *ĂKH-".
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 05/01/2013 at 14.44.26 |
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