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E 0896 (TO) TAKE, (TO) TOUCH
The verb " to take " is of
Germanic origin .
The verb " to touch " is, via
Old French, of Germanic origin .
H 0974 ע ק
ת
Concept of root : touch, take, hit
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ע ק ת
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taq‛à
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to hit,
clasp, play
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Related English words
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to
touch
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ע ק ת
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taq‛à
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to hit ;
to clasp ;
to play, pluck an
instrument
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t . q (‛) .
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Greek
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θιγω,
θιγγανω
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thigo,
thingano
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to touch, take
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t . g
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Latin
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tangere
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tangere
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to touch, grip, hit
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t . ng
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Gothic
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tekan
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tekan
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to touch, take
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t . k
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Italian
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toccare
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toccare
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to touch
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t . c
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English
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to touch ;
to take
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to touch ;
to take
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t . ch ;
t . k
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Dutch
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tikken ;
-
tokkelen
-
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tikken
;
-
tokkelen
-
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to tap, rap, hit ;
to pluck an instrument
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t . k
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Middle Dutch
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tocken ;
taken ;
token
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tokken
;
taken
;
token
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to touch ;
to take ;
to hit
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t . k
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Proto-Semitic *TAQ‛À --- *TĀK-, *TŎK- Proto-Germanic < *TĀK- Indo-European
A series of related meanings comes into the usage of this root. This covers touching and taking, clasping hands, ramming and hitting and even the playing of instruments. It is interesting to see that for these various meanings there are similarities with Indo European words, that obviously have these similarities between them as well. The table shows those.
Note:
- Italian shows us one of its very many words of Germanic origin. In Vulgar Latin the word said "to touch, hit".
Note:
- English "to touch" has been loaned from French "toucher" that is of Germanic origin like Italian "toccare" . The verb "to tick" should be related to Dutch "tikken", but it cannot be traced back further than the Middle English noun "tek". It does not carry the various messages seen in this entry.
Note:
- Middle Dutch distinguishes neatly between a number of the meanings dealt with in this entry. The verb "tokkelen" is an iterative form , fit to express the playing of instruments. It refers only to stringed instruments, whereas the Hebrew word "taq‛" is also applied for the playing of wind-instruments.
Note:
- Greek. The basic verb "thigo" is only used in some tenses, not in the present. The form
"thiggano" has become pronounced in the nasalized way : "thingano" . The first suffix "-an-"
has a confirming or emphasizing function.
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. This root can be seen in Aramaic and Syriac "ת ק ע , teq‛à = he struck, tapped, he played an instrument". This root was probably used in Proto-Semitic: "*ת ק ע , T Q Ayin".
Note:
- Proto-Germanic. "To take, seize, grasp, clasp " is found in Old Norse "taka", Old English "tacan", Middle Dutch "taken, tacken" Old German "zacken" . Proto-Germanic probably had "*T Ā K- , but in for example the past tense in Old English there was "toc", as in fact in modern English one sees "took".
"To touch" is found in Neo Latin tongues as in Italian "toccare" and French "toucher", but the words are of Germanic origin. Gothic had "tekan", Old High German "zuc(c)hon" and Old English used "tacan" that also said "to take". Middle Dutch had a verb "tocken" used especially in an expression like "touch and run". Proto-Germanic remains uncertain as to the vowel, but the most probable form is "*T Ŏ K-".
"To hit " is found in Middle Dutch "token", Old High German "zechon". From this developed , a.o. in North Germanic and Middle High German a version with "Ĭ", found in English " to tick", expressing a light form of hitting. The older form for more solid hitting in Proto-Germanic, on the basis of the neat distinction between "tocken" and "token" in Middle Dutch, is "*T Ō K-". For the record, Middle Dutch "tucken" had the meaning of "to draw, tug", related to English "to tug" and Old English "togian".
Note:
- Indo-European. On the basis of Proto-Germanic and Latin an Indo-European "*T Ā K- seems possible. A second form "*T Ō K-" may have existed but is less certain. Greek "tig-" is seen as a development out of "*teikh-" via "*theig-".
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 03/01/2013 at 17.04.59 |
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