E 0709          RĈDAN

The Old English word " rĉdan " is of Germanic origin .

H 0801          ן ו י ע ר  ; ע ר

Concept of root :  thinking idea’s

Hebrew word

pronunciation

English meanings

; ע ר

ן ו י ע ר

ré‛à;

ra‛éyon

thought; thought, idea

Related English words

Old English rĉdan

Comparison between European words and Hebrew

Languages

Words

Pronunciation

English meanings

Similarity in roots

Hebrew

       ע ר ;

ן ו י ע ר

ré‛à;

ra‛éyon

thought;

thought, idea

r . (‛) . y

Latin

reri, reor;

-

-

ratio

reri, reor;

-

-

ratio

to think, have opinion;

idea, reason, reasoning

r . (‘)

Old English

rĉdan

to think, have an opinion

r . d

Middle Dutch

raden, raiden, raeyen

raden, rayden; rayen

to think, have an opinion

r . d,

r . y d,

r . y

 

 

Proto-Semitic *R‛ĀĪ --- *RĀD < *RĀY- Proto-Germanic < *RĀY- Indo-European

 

 

This entry shows us one of the most interesting among the many messages that make use of the versatile two-consonant-block "Ayin – Resh, ר ע " . This one is about creative human thinking and we find its similarities in European languages in important words. Often, but not always, we will see a final dental, T or D, added.

 

Note:
  • Hebrew. The brief word "ר ע , re‛à in the Bible is found only once, in PS 139.2 and 17. It is considered to mean "thought," but also "purpose, aim", that would be secondary meanings and the text uses the word clearly only in the sense of "thought". "Ra‛éyon " is a noun, that has been shaped by adding a suffix "-on", fully identical to the way Greek forms neuter nouns, and comparable to the suffix "-um" in Latin that has the same scope.

     

    The Yod as third consonant seems to be indicated by the noun "ra‛éyon". This is important because it is also found in Middle Dutch. In fact also other composed words have that "Y", like in the cited PS 139.17 : ר ע י ך, reikhà = Your Thoughts".

 

Note:
  • Proto-Semitic. This root is found in Aramaic and Syriac "ר ע י נ א, ra‛eyanà (A) , r‛eyanà (S) = thought". It may have been in use in Proto-Semitic : "*ר ע (י), R Ayin (Y)".

 

Note:
  • Latin. Human thinking and the having of idea’s and opinions is the message of the brief verb "reor, ratus sum, reri". The final R in "reor" shows that it is a medio-passive form, but the basic form "*reo" is not found. There is a view that "reor" has come from an older "*reior". This would indicate a root "R E I", more similar to Semitic, but the offered support in Lihuanian "reju, reti = to put in order" is semantically too weak.

     

    The word "ratio" has a T that is not part of the root, but kept on from the participle "ratus sum" of the verb "reri". "Ratio" is living on brightly in modern European languages, though far from all modern "ratio’s" are bright as such.

 

Note:
  • Proto-Germanic. Germanic has this same root in many languages, such as Old Saxon "radan", Old High German "ratan" and Old English "rĉdan". Meanings were comparable to the abovementioned Middle Dutch ones, but modern languages have shifted those meanings or use composed words such as German "beraten" and Dutch "beraden". A frequent meaning that once was secondary is that of a tentative thinking or tentative opinion as "to guess". Modern German "raten" and Dutch "raden" say exactly this.

     

    The initial R is present in all Germanic languages. The final dental is "D", nearly without exception. The vowel is "A" , usually as a long vowel. But related words exist with the vowel "E", such as in " Dutch "rede = reason, sense, intellect" and "reden = reason, motive". The Dutch word "rede = speech" may not be related or is a development of meaning. Old High German "red(j)a = intellect" did not continue into modern German. Probably Proto-Germanic had "*R A D-", besides using "*R E D" in related words. The dental has been added in Proto-Germanic and the older form with final " Y " as still seen in Middle Dutch, should have been present : "*R Ā Y-".

 

Note:
  • Indo-European. We have Latin and Germanic as support for a hypothesis, that then becomes "*R Ā Y-".

 

 

 

 

 
Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 31/12/2012 at 11.06.59