E 0225          CWED

The Old English word " cwed " is of Germanic origin .

H 0792           ט ט ו ק ת ה ; ט ו ק

Concept of root : disputing while annoyed

Hebrew word

pronunciation

English meanings

; ט ו ק

ט ט ו ק ת ה

qoth;

 hitqotheth

to be annoyed;

to dispute,  fight

Related English words

Middle English cwed

Comparison between European words and Hebrew

Languages

Words

Pronunciation

English meanings

Similarity in roots

Hebrew

     ט ו ק ;

-

ט ט ו ק ת ה

-

qoth;

-

hitqotheth

-

to be annoyed;

to dispute, fight

q (o) th

Russian

гадкий

gadkiy

bad, evil

g . d

Middle Dutch

quaet

quaat

bad, evil, angry

q (u) . t

Dutch

kwaad

kwaat

angry,

bad, evil,

k w . d

Dutch dialect

kot

kot

angry,

bad, evil,

k (o) t

Middle English

cwed

evil

c w . d

 

 

Proto-Semitic *QOTH --- *KWĀD Proto-Germanic

 

 

This entry is best read together with number E 0224 (Hebrew 0791) that tries to find some answer to questions regarding the two, that have undergone some mix-up.

 

The kind of dispute or fight referred to by the words above, may well begin with a being annoyed with one another , after which loathing easily follows. Perhaps it is linked with some disgust, and then the root may be the same as that of the previous entry. But perhaps it is not and then the roots are just identical but of different further origin. No certainty is lightly available, for lack of corroborating material. Certainly we find different sisters in Germanic for the two meanings, reason for which we have divided two meanings over two entries.

 

 

Note:
  • Hebrew. The root is old and we find its meaning of "dispute, fight" in the reflexive form : "ה ת ק ט ט, hitkathčth = to dispute, fight". But according to some scholars as well in a related biblical root, developed according to common rules in Hebrew: " ק ט ט, Q TH TH" . This root is also found in modern language : "ק ט ט ה , qethatha= fight, dispute".

     

    A further related root, with a prefix " N ", is seen in " נ ק ט, nakath = to loathe".

 

Note:
  • Proto-Semitic. We have no specific evidence from other Semitic languages towards a hypothesis for Proto-Semitic, but it is certainly an old root, as can be seen by the various forms that have been developed. Proto-Semitic quite probably had this root "*ק ו ט, Q W TH".

 

Note:
  • Russian is related, but somewhat further off in sound.

 

Note:
  • Hebrew and Dutch. The difference in development is that Hebrew, at least with the reflexive verb, has developed further on the often inevitable consequences of reciprocal loathing, that are dispute and fight. Interesting is to see that the Hebrew word "qoth" uses the "waw" as a vowel " O ", whereas Dutch "kwaad" uses it as a consonant " W ", using a vowel " A " for proper pronunciation.

 

Note:
  • Germanic. The evilness is naturally the one as considered by the person who is annoyed or angry, that is a subjectively considered evilness.

 

Note:
  • Proto-Germanic. The word of this entry is present in this meaning in the West Germanic group, and all words have "KW A + dental". The dental is mostly "T", but Dutch spells "kwaad" after Middle Dutch "qwaet". Yet that new "D" is real, as it was and is also used in extended words like plural "quaede > kwade". It must be pointed out that this Middle Dutch word is not the same word as "quaet = filth". This other word is related to German "Kot", Old English "cwead" and the Middle Dutch diminutive "cuetel, kotel", that has become "keutel" in Dutch. For Proto-Germanic in the sense of "kwaad = evil, bad" one may hypothesize "*KW Ā D-"

 

 

 

 

 
Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 24/11/2012 at 16.40.52