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E 0438 HEDGE
The word " hedge " is of
Germanic origin .
H 0461 ג ו ח
Concept of root : surround
and close
Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ג ו ח
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ghog;
ghug
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to make
a circle;
circle
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Related English words
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hedge
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ג ו ח
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ghog;
-
ghug
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to make a circle;
circle
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gh . g
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Middle Dutch
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hegen ;
hegge
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héghen
;
hègghe
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to encircle;
hedge
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h . gh
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Old English
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hecg
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hedge
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h . cg
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Middle English
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hegge
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hedge
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h . g
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English
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hedge
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hedge
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h . dg
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Proto-Semitic *GHOG --- *GHĀG Proto-Germanic
To "encirle" not necessarily implies roundness, neither in this disappeared Middle Dutch word "hegen", nor in its Hebrew cousin that as a noun "ghug" also means "horizon". The aspect of "surrounding and enclosing" is the fundamental one in these roots.
Note:
- English has inserted the D later, as Middle English still had " hegge", like Middle Dutch . Old
English had " hecg ".
Note:
- Nasalization A nasalized version is found in Dutch "honk ( Middle Dutch "honc" ) = protected angle" used in the name "honkbal = baseball", the American game in which the Dutch have won the world title and mostly still are number one in Europe. In Scandinavia the nasalized versions "hank" and "honk" stand for "handle, grip", as do German "Henkel" and Dutch "hengsel".
Note:
- Proto-Germanic Some Germanic languages, in part already mentioned in the above table, show the following interesting picture
Middle Dutch : haghen, hegen : to encircle
: hage, hagen, hegge, hege : fence, enclosure, hedge
Old Norse : hegna : to enclose, fence
: hagi : fenced ground
Old Saxon : haga; hago : hedge; fenced ground
Old English : heg(e), haga, hæg, hæcce : fence, enclosure, hedge
Old High German : hag, ahac : hedge, enclosure, town
All Germanic words begin with a consonant "H". The following vowel is mostly an long "Ā", but in Old English and Middle Dutch as well as in modern Dutch there are at the same time in use versions with a long or short "E". This goes both for nouns meaning "fence" as for verbs saying " to fence". In Old Norse we see a verb with "E", as in modern Scandinavian languages. One may suppose that the use of the vowel "E" is a development that has taken place possibly after Proto-Germanic, that thus probably had "*H Ā G-", but some scholars rather see "*GH Ā G-" with the same consonants as in Hebrew. This may well be right. A newer "H" in Germanic may then have developed out of "GH".
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. This root is also found in Aramaic "ח ו ג , ghog" and Syriac "ח ג , ghog" and may as such have been present in Proto-Semitic : "*ח ו ג , GH W G".
Note:
- Indo-European. Frequently a similarity is found between Semitic and Germanic, without indications for cognates in other Indo-European groups. So again in this case.
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Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 28/10/2012 at 12.15.09 |
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