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E 0383 GRAB, GRIP
The words " grab" and "grip"
are of Germanic origin .
H 0377 ף ר ג
Concept of root : to grab
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ף ר ג
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garaph
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to
grab, grip, collect
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Related English words
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to
grab, grip
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ף ר ג
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garaph
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to grab, collect, grip
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g r p
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Russian
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грабить
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grabitj
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to rob, pillage, plunder
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g r b
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English
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grab;
grip
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to grab, grip
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g r b
g r p
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Middle Dutch
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gripen
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gripen
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to grip, steal
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g r p
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Proto-Semitic *GARAP(H) --- *GRAP, *GRAB Indo-European
The Russian words indicate a much stronger action than the English and Dutch ones, but they also partially have a common covering. Hebrew does not color the word into dishonesty, but it may imply it in the circumstances.
Note:
- Hebrew "garaph" here is represented in the meaning of grabbing things together and draw them near.
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. This root is present in Aramaic "ג ר ף, geraph" . There is a cognate in Arabic "jarafa = he swept away, shoveled". This root was probably in use already in Proto-Semitic: "*ג ר ף, G R P".
The change of the pronunciation of the third consonant " P " into " PH " may have begun in Proto-Semitic, as also Arabic uses the sound " F ". In the comparison both versions are considered.
Note:
- Human hand. Classic stealing, before the time of electronics, was done by hand. If we compare with entry E 0396 (Hebrew 0015), we see that "egroph" is the human fist, with the same root as we find in this entry. Interesting in this respect is the German verb "klauen", a cognate of English "to claw", that means "to steal". And, in a different way, the Dutch word "jat" means "hand" and the verb "jatten", also stands for "to steal". This word comes from Yiddish.
Dutch has a considerable number of real loanwords from Hebrew. These words of course are not in our list of similarities. They have been brought mainly into Amsterdam by speakers of a Dutchified version of Yiddish, a German language that originated as a particular way of speaking of the dialects of the Rhine-region, on the limits of the Roman Empire, to where many Jews had fled after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem and the expulsion from Israel. Understandably, Yiddish also has conserved a good number of Hebrew words, and "yad" for "hand" is one of those.
Note:
- English, German and Dutch have many words with this same root, such as "to grip", Dutch "grijpen" , German "greifen"; "to grab, grabble" , German "grabben", Dutch "grabbelen".
Note:
- Proto-Germanic. The initial consonant-combination "GR" is seen in all old and new Germanic languages. The third consonant is either "P" or "B", but in the case of German "Griff, greifen" there is an "F", that is already seen in Old and Middle High German, but without having conquered the exclusive use .
We then distinguish between a " I " group around "grip" that accentuates the solidity of the seizure and an "A"-group around "grab", in which the speed of the seizure is eminent. The resulting hypothesis for Proto-Germanic is "*GR I P" for " to seize" and "*GR A B" for "to grab". In both cases we may find some further extensions in development, like Middle High German "grappen, grapen = to touch, feel". In Middle Dutch a vowel "O" appears besides the normal "A", in the verb "grobben". Compare "grabben" and the abovementioned iterative "grabbelen".
Note:
- Indo-European.
Latin has a verb "carpo, carpĕre", that has many meanings regarding ways of taking something, basically by hand, and then later also with other means. Basic are "to pluck, to snatch , pick away, rip off".
Old Indian for "to grasp, seize" uses the group "G R B-", in which sometimes the "R" assumes a vowel-like function, the "B" often becomes "BH", and now and then becomes "H". Examples are : "grbhnāti, (pf) jagraābha; (inf) gráhītum, (ptc) grbhītá, grbh- (seizing, gasping).
Avestan has "gurvayeiti = seizes, holds, takes away".
Hittire uses "karp- for "to seize, lift, take away".
Indo-European used three consonants, of which the first was "G" and the second "R". The third was probably "P", though "B" cannot be excluded, especially as a variant. A vowel "A", was probably used after the "R" : "*GR A P-" and also "*GR A B-. It is possible that the "G" was pronounced usually or sometimes "GH and the "B" as "BH". There can be little certainty about this.
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 23/01/2013 at 18.06.40 |
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