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GD 1041 DOF
H 0300 ב א ד
Concept of root :
downheartedness
Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ב א ד
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da’av
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to be
sad, discouraged;
to pine away
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Related English words
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to die, dead
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ב א ד
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da’av
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to be sad, discour-
aged; to pine away
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d . v
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Dutch
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dof
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dof
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sad, low spirited
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d . f
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Proto-Semitic *DA 'AB, *DOB < *D'O --- *DOW- Indo-European
In modern Hebrew this root has concentrated on the concept of "sadness" , whereas Dutch indicates more despair and low spirit in general . The same word " dof " also is used literally as a contrast to " shiny " in many ways.
The similarity shows even clearer if we compare this Dutch adjective with the "adjective", a nominal form of the verb, in Hebrew : "
ד
ו
א
ב, do’ev" .
Note:
- Hebrew.
Hebrew shows a sister root, " ד
ו
ב, D W B ", also carrying the meaning of " to pine away". It is mentioned in entry E 0240 ( Hebrew 0335). It is important to see that the meaning of " to pine away" in our Hebrew 0300 comes nearer to those of the Indo European words of that entry .
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. Proto-Semitic is seen as using already the same root we find in Hebrew "* ד
א
ב, D Aleph B" . This root is also present in Arabic, but with a different be it yet possibly related meaning : "da'abu = he toiled".
It is very important to compare the three roots "ד
א
ב, D Aleph B", "ד
ו
ב, D W B " and
"ד
ו
ה, D W H ( = accentuated vowel)", found in entry E 0240 ( Hebrew 0335). The comparison shows that in Proto-Semitic there probably has been an original root "*ד
ו
א, D W Aleph , D ' O" for this group.
The last couple of roots can be considered related to English " to die" and "dead". See the following Note on Proto-Germanic.
Note:
- Proto-Germanic. The words for "dead" and "to die" , with the older wider message that included "to pine away", began with a consonant "D", with the exception of High German, that changed over to a "T" in the Old High German verb "touwen". This remained in Middle High German but went out of use in modern German, that uses "sterben". The noun dead became in Old and Middle High German "tot" and in modern German "Tod".
Old Saxon had "dōian; dōth, dōd", Middle Dutch "doyen, douwen; doot". The Nordic languages changed the vowel into "Ǿ", but Old Norse in the noun for "dead" changed the vowel from "O" into "U" and added "A" to make a diphthong: "dauðr ( the final "R" is a typical suffix for many nouns). But the verb underwent a different change, becoming "deya", while maintaining the vowel "O" in several verbal forms. English "to die" is considered as being based on the Old Norse verb.The vowel in the noun "dead", already seen as deað in Old English is a quite normal development out of ""Ō".  
Gothic changed from "Ō" to "Ī" in a hypothetical verb "*diwan", that is then considered by some also as Proto-Germanic. The noun in Gothic, as in Old Norse, became a diphthong in "dauthus".
&nbsl; Proto-Germanic in all probability had "*D Ō W-" and a natural successor "*D Ō Y- for the verb and "*D Ō T-" for the noun.
Note:
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Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 13/10/2012 at 12.55.41 |
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