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E 0054 AUDACIOUS
The word "audacious" is, via Old French, based on Latin .
H 0225 ז ע
Concept of root : force and boldness
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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ז ע
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‛oz
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force, courage,
boldness
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Related English words
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audacious, from Latin
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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ז ע
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‛oz
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courage, force
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‛o z
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Latin
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audere, ausus ;
ausim < osim
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audére,
ausus;
ausim
< osim
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to dare ;
-
that I dare
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au s < o s .
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English
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audacious
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daring
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au d
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French
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oser
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osé
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to dare
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o s
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Italian
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osare
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osare
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to dare
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o s
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Proto-Semitic *‛OZ --- *OS Indo-European
Languages develop and so it may happen that a newer version, like here French as a newer version of Latin, is nearer to the Hebrew cousin than Latin itself was . The same goes for Italian "osare".
Note:
- Latin. Important is that in older texts versions of this Latin verb with a vowel " O " instead of " AU " are found. This indicates that the version with " AU " is newer. If the " O " becomes " U ", an " A " may be placed in front to make a diphthong " AU ".
We are not certain of a connection to the verb "aveo", meaning "to be avid". There may rather be a similarity of roots with two different meanings. In that case "audéo" would not have been derived from "avidus (avid)" but would be an intensive form : avéo > avәdéo > audéo. This would also explain why the participle does not have the dental "D". Sincerely it is not easy to see the semantic road from avidity to courage. True, the verb "audere" is also used in the sense of " to be prepared to" and from that " to be willing to ", but we tend to consider those meanings as derived ones.
But , risking to be accused of reasoning with a "petitio principii " , the similarity with Hebrew induces us to opt for the presence of S in the original root of the Latin verb of this entry . On the other hand a D may as well develop into TH, as seen in English : "the" comes from "de" and this TH is pronounced nearly like Z. Many strangers , like the French pronounce it that way. Also in Modern Greek the D has become as good as identical to English TH in "the".
One way or the other, the similarity is there and a common origin probable.
Note:
- Proto-Semitic. This root is used as well in Phoenician and Ugaritic. Aramaic has "ע
ז
(ז), *Ayin Z (Z) ", Syriac "ע
ז, *Ayin Z" , Arabic "‛azza" and Ethiopian "‛azzaza" , that all say "to be(come) strong, bold, fierce" and with a related meaning in Akkadian "ezēzu = to be fierce". There can be little doubt that Proto-Semitic used the root "*ע
ז, Ayin Z " we find in Hebrew, and perhaps also the extended form "* ע
ז
ז, Ayin Z Z", as well used in Hebrew , Aramaic and Ethiopian.
Note:
- Indo-European. We have no solid information from outside Latin.
Sancrit presents a root " O G - " in words like "ógas = power, energy, resolution" and "ogavin = powerful, energetic, brave". This covers to a good extent the messages of Hebrew and Latin, but a consonant " G "instead of " Z " or " S " is not easily explained. It would be simpler the other way about.
On the basis of older Latin a hypothesis of Indo-European "O S-" is not unrealistic.
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: 23/12/2012 at 11.15.26 |
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