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E 0038 ANNUAL
The word "annual" comes from Late Latin
H 0036 א מ ן
Concept of root: duration in time
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Hebrew word
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pronunciation
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English meanings
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נ א מ ן
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ne'eman
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to perdure, last; to be firm
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Related English words
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annual,
from Latin
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Comparison between European words and
Hebrew
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Languages
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Words
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Pronunciation
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English meanings
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Similarity in roots
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Hebrew
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נ א מ ן
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ne'eman
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to perdure, last; to be firm
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a m n
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Syriac
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א מ י ן
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amin
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to perdure, last
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a m n
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Late Latin< Latin <
Old Latin
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annualis<
annus < amnus
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annualis<
annus< amnus
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yearly ;
year ,
year
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a m n
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Old Indian
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amati
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amati
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time
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a m
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English
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annual
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annual, yearly
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a nn
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Proto-Semitic *AMEN --- AMNUS Latin < *AMN- Indo-European
This entry sees the relationship in human cultural thinking between the concepts of "year" and that of "long duration". We look at a couple of Greek words to go deeper into this relation.
Note:
- Hebrew. A group "Vowel (Aleph) M N" in Hebrew is used in roots with quite different meanings, that can not be considered as automatically related, such as "belief, faith, faithfulness,fidelity, confidence, firmness, trust, reliability; staediness, truth, training, education, duration, eternity, art, craftsmanship, specialism, agreement".
Deuteronomium 28:59 uses the word "*נ א מ ן , ne'eman = lasting ". This adjective is based on a passive verbal form of the basic root "A M N".
Note:
- Proto-Semitic undoubtedly had and used a root or roots "* א מ ן , A M N". The question to ask is if Proto-Semitic also used such a root for "duration, long time". The answer may be positive as for example in Syriac is seen " א מ ן , amin = lasting, eternal".
Note:
- Greek has the words ηνις (ènis), meaning "of one year", and ηνεκης (ènekès) saying "continuous". As is the case in newer Latin, there is no "M" in these words, only the "N". It may have been there before like in Old Latin or not, but the linking of the concepts of "duration" and "year" is clear.
Note:
- Latin. The development of "annus" out of "amnus" is clear. Sometimes it is thought that "annus" may have developed out of a hypothetical "*at-nos". This can have been suggested by the hypothesis of a Germanic "*athna-", that is based on Gothic "athn- = year". It remains improbable.
In Umbrian and in Oscan, considered of Indo-European stock, for "year" we see in composed words "akn-, but in Oscan also "amn-ud". Umbrian "aknu" and Oscan "akono", used especially to indicate yearly occasions, have also been explained as meaning "orbit, rotation (of the sun around the earth). For Latin and Italic we may see a "A MN-".
Note:
- Indo-European. Celtic has a basic " Â M- for "time", recognizable in Gaelic, Irish and Breton.
A M exists also in Old Indian "am-ati" carrying the meaning of "time".
For Indo-European a hypothesis "* A M N-" carrying the concepts of "long duration", "time as a continuity" and "year" may be right.
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| Created: Tuesday 6 November 2007 at 22.30.54 Updated: Thursday 10 January 2013 at 18.56.57 |
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